(In this example, we have downloaded Python 3.7.3.) 2. Make sure you select the Install launcher for all users and Add Python 3.7 to PATH checkboxes. The latter places the interpreter in the execution path. For older versions of Python that do not support the Add Python to Path checkbox, see Step 6. ONNX Runtime is a performance-focused scoring engine for Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) models. For more information on ONNX Runtime, please see aka.ms/onnxruntime or the Github project.

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Released:

A small Python module for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a 'user data dir'.

Project description

the problem

What directory should your app use for storing user data? If running on Mac OS X, youshould use:

If on Windows (at least English Win XP) that should be:

or possibly:

for roaming profiles but that is another story.

On Linux (and other Unices) the dir, according to the XDGspec, is:

appdirs to the rescue

This kind of thing is what the appdirs module is for. appdirs willhelp you choose an appropriate:

• user data dir (user_data_dir)
• user config dir (user_config_dir)
• user cache dir (user_cache_dir)
• site data dir (site_data_dir)
• site config dir (site_config_dir)
• user log dir (user_log_dir)

Pip Install Python 3.7 Macc

and also:

• is a single module so other Python packages can include their own private copy
• is slightly opinionated on the directory names used. Look for “OPINION” indocumentation and code for when an opinion is being applied.

some example output

On Mac OS X:

On Windows 7:

On Linux:

Per-version isolation

If you have multiple versions of your app in use that you want to beable to run side-by-side, then you may want version-isolation for thesedirs:

appdirs Changelog

appdirs 1.4.4

• [PR #92] Don’t import appdirs from setup.py

Project officially classified as Stable which is importantfor inclusion in other distros such as ActivePython.

First of several incremental releases to catch up on maintenance.

appdirs 1.4.3

• [PR #76] Python 3.6 invalid escape sequence deprecation fixes
• Fix for Python 3.6 support

appdirs 1.4.2

• [PR #84] Allow installing without setuptools
• [PR #86] Fix string delimiters in setup.py description
• Add Python 3.6 support

appdirs 1.4.1

• [issue #38] Fix _winreg import on Windows Py3
• [issue #55] Make appname optional

appdirs 1.4.0

• [PR #42] AppAuthor is now optional on Windows
• [issue 41] Support Jython on Windows, Mac, and Unix-like platforms. Windowssupport requires JNA.
• [PR #44] Fix incorrect behaviour of the site_config_dir method

appdirs 1.3.0

• [Unix, issue 16] Conform to XDG standard, instead of breaking it foreverybody
• [Unix] Removes gratuitous case mangling of the case, since *nix-es areusually case sensitive, so mangling is not wise
• [Unix] Fixes the utterly wrong behaviour in site_data_dir, return resultbased on XDG_DATA_DIRS and make room for respecting the standard whichspecifies XDG_DATA_DIRS is a multiple-value variable
• [Issue 6] Add *_config_dir which are distinct on nix-es, according toXDG specs; on Windows and Mac return the corresponding *_data_dir

appdirs 1.2.0

• [Unix] Put user_log_dir under the cache dir on Unix. Seems to be moretypical.
• [issue 9] Make unicode work on py3k.

appdirs 1.1.0

• [issue 4] Add AppDirs.user_log_dir.

• [Unix, issue 2, issue 7] appdirs now conforms to XDG base directory spec.

• [Mac, issue 5] Fix site_data_dir() on Mac.

• [Mac] Drop use of ‘Carbon’ module in favour of hardcoded paths; supportsPython3 now.

• [Windows] Append “Cache” to user_cache_dir on Windows by default. Useopinion=False option to disable this.

• Add appdirs.AppDirs convenience class. Usage:

• [Windows] Cherry-pick Komodo’s change to downgrade paths to the Windows shortpaths if there are high bit chars.

• [Linux] Change default user_cache_dir() on Linux to be singular, e.g.“~/.superapp/cache”.

• [Windows] Add roaming option to user_data_dir() (for use on Windows only)and change the default user_data_dir behaviour to use a non-roamingprofile dir (CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA instead of CSIDL_APPDATA). Why? Becausea large roaming profile can cause login speed issues. The “only syncs onlogout” behaviour can cause surprises in appdata info.

appdirs 1.0.1 (never released)

Started this changelog 27 July 2010. Before that this module originated in theKomodo product as applib.py and thenas applib/location.py (used byPyPM in ActivePython). This is basically a fork ofapplib.py 1.0.1 and applib/location.py 1.0.1.

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Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com>

Python on a Macintosh running Mac OS X is in principle very similar to Python onany other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional features such asthe IDE and the Package Manager that are worth pointing out.

4.1. Getting and Installing MacPython¶

Mac OS X 10.8 comes with Python 2.7 pre-installed by Apple. If you wish, youare invited to install the most recent version of Python 3 from the Pythonwebsite (https://www.python.org). A current “universal binary” build of Python,which runs natively on the Mac’s new Intel and legacy PPC CPU’s, is availablethere.

What you get after installing is a number of things:

• A Python3.9 folder in your Applications folder. In hereyou find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of officialPython distributions; and PythonLauncher, which handles double-clicking Pythonscripts from the Finder.

• A framework /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework, which includes thePython executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to your shellpath. To uninstall MacPython, you can simply remove these three things. Asymlink to the Python executable is placed in /usr/local/bin/.

The Apple-provided build of Python is installed in/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework and /usr/bin/python,respectively. You should never modify or delete these, as they areApple-controlled and are used by Apple- or third-party software. Remember thatif you choose to install a newer Python version from python.org, you will havetwo different but functional Python installations on your computer, so it willbe important that your paths and usages are consistent with what you want to do.

IDLE includes a help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If youare completely new to Python you should start reading the tutorial introductionin that document.

If you are familiar with Python on other Unix platforms you should read thesection on running Python scripts from the Unix shell.

4.1.1. How to run a Python script¶

Your best way to get started with Python on Mac OS X is through the IDLEintegrated development environment, see section The IDE and use the Help menuwhen the IDE is running.

If you want to run Python scripts from the Terminal window command line or fromthe Finder you first need an editor to create your script. Mac OS X comes with anumber of standard Unix command line editors, vim andemacs among them. If you want a more Mac-like editor,BBEdit or TextWrangler from Bare Bones Software (seehttp://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good choices, as isTextMate (see https://macromates.com/). Other editors includeGvim (http://macvim-dev.github.io/macvim/) and Aquamacs(http://aquamacs.org/).

To run your script from the Terminal window you must make sure that/usr/local/bin is in your shell search path.

To run your script from the Finder you have two options:

Pip Install Requests Python 3.7 Mac

• Drag it to PythonLauncher

• Select PythonLauncher as the default application to open yourscript (or any .py script) through the finder Info window and double-click it.PythonLauncher has various preferences to control how your script islaunched. Option-dragging allows you to change these for one invocation, or useits Preferences menu to change things globally.

4.1.2. Running scripts with a GUI¶

With older versions of Python, there is one Mac OS X quirk that you need to beaware of: programs that talk to the Aqua window manager (in other words,anything that has a GUI) need to be run in a special way. Use pythonwinstead of python to start such scripts.

With Python 3.9, you can use either python or pythonw.

4.1.3. Configuration¶

Python on OS X honors all standard Unix environment variables such asPYTHONPATH, but setting these variables for programs started from theFinder is non-standard as the Finder does not read your .profile or.cshrc at startup. You need to create a file~/.MacOSX/environment.plist. See Apple’s Technical Document QA1067 fordetails.

For more information on installation Python packages in MacPython, see sectionInstalling Additional Python Packages.

4.2. The IDE¶

MacPython ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A goodintroduction to using IDLE can be found athttp://www.hashcollision.org/hkn/python/idle_intro/index.html.

4.3. Installing Additional Python Packages¶

There are several methods to install additional Python packages:

• Packages can be installed via the standard Python distutils mode (pythonsetup.pyinstall).

• Many packages can also be installed via the setuptools extensionor pip wrapper, see https://pip.pypa.io/.

4.4. GUI Programming on the Mac¶

There are several options for building GUI applications on the Mac with Python.

PyObjC is a Python binding to Apple’s Objective-C/Cocoa framework, which isthe foundation of most modern Mac development. Information on PyObjC isavailable from https://pypi.org/project/pyobjc/.

The standard Python GUI toolkit is tkinter, based on the cross-platformTk toolkit (https://www.tcl.tk). An Aqua-native version of Tk is bundled with OSX by Apple, and the latest version can be downloaded and installed fromhttps://www.activestate.com; it can also be built from source.

wxPython is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively onMac OS X. Packages and documentation are available from https://www.wxpython.org.

PyQt is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively on MacOS X. More information can be found athttps://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro.

Pip Install Python 3.7 Mac Os

4.5. Distributing Python Applications on the Mac¶

The standard tool for deploying standalone Python applications on the Mac ispy2app. More information on installing and using py2app can be foundat http://undefined.org/python/#py2app.

4.6. Other Resources¶

The MacPython mailing list is an excellent support resource for Python users anddevelopers on the Mac:

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Another useful resource is the MacPython wiki: